The Upshot of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Nursing Assistants: Evaluating Mental Health Indicators in Huelva.

Healthcare professionals who work in front-line situations are among those under the highest risk of presenting negative mental health indicators. We sought to assess the prevalence of low personal realization, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization as well as probable non-psychotic psychiatric pathologies during the pandemic in nursing assistants in the city of Huelva (Spain), and to study the association between these mental health indicators and sociodemographic and professional variables. A cross-sectional descriptive investigation with a quantitative approach was used. A representative sample of these professionals, consisting of 29 men and 284 women, completed the GHQ-12 questionnaire, including sociodemographic data and the MBI-HSS questionnaire, collecting information on situations of contact with SARS-CoV-2. Data analysis was conducted, and correlations were established. We found that emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and probable non-psychotic, psychiatric pathologies were related to contact with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, personal realization, depersonalization and emotional exhaustion were related to just gender. We conclude that nursing assistants from public hospitals in the city of Huelva who had contact with patients with SARS-CoV-2 in the workplace, showed poor mental health indicators than those who did not come into contact with infected individuals.

Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire to Assess Spanish Primary School Teachers' Perceptions about Their Preparation for Inclusive Education.

Inclusive education is a right and must be offered to all students, including those with disabilities, providing them with individualized educational attention and support. Teachers play a leading role in the inclusive education process, their preparation and attitudes being essential for this process. This study aimed to present the factor structure and reliability of a questionnaire for the assessment of teachers' perceptions about their preparation to support inclusive education. The sample consisted of 605 Spanish primary school teachers who responded to the Evaluation of Teachers' Inclusion Readiness (CEFI-R) Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and reliability evaluation were performed. The results showed a factor structure with four dimensions (Conception of Diversity, Methodology, Supports and Community Participation), composed of 17 items, with good and excellent goodness-of-fit values and high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.75-0.94). Thus, the CEFI-R can be considered a quick and easy-to-apply tool to analyze primary school teachers' perceptions about their preparation to address their students' diversity of needs, allowing stakeholders to take actions to promote inclusive education.

An App about Healthy Habits as an Educational Resource during the Pandemic.

Educational institutions and their agents play a fundamental role in improving people's health literacy and quality of life. We intend here to describe and justify an educational resource embodied in an application for mobile devices developed through a subsidized project by the Ministry of Health (Government of Andalusia); the purpose of this app is to educate young people in healthy habits. The application was designed to be easily used in both smartphones and tablets with the aim of achieving good physical, psychological and social health. The project comprises several phases and the results we have so far show that, from an early age, health institutions and educational settings must work in partnership, increasing health literacy levels. This cooperative work combined with the use of this innovative approach presents an important potential for change in the lifestyles of younger generations. This type of intervention took on a special role in the pandemic context, allowing for the maintenance of the educational stimulus in a safe context.

Psychological Discomfort in Nursing Degree Students as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Students are a population at risk of developing psychological complications, such as psychological discomfort, stress, and anxiety, among other problems, especially during the current health crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study's objective was to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological discomfort of final-year nursing students. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out. To analyze the psychological discomfort of the participants, the Kessler test (previously validated) was used. The results of this test were divided into two levels (High ≥ 21/Low < 21), showing high sensitivity as a screening method for anxiety and depression. Questionnaires were sent via email to final-year nursing students of Spanish and South American universities, inviting them to participate voluntarily. The sample consisted of 400 students, with an average age of 23.29 years and a sex proportion of 82.75% women and 17.28% men. Almost all participants (n = 396) belonged to Spanish universities, and the greatest participation corresponded to Andalusian universities (64.5%). The average psychological discomfort was high (M = 27.94). Statistically significant relationships were detected between age, sex, and feeling ready for the world of work, observing no relationships with the rest of the studied variables. The sample of 4th-year students of the Degree of Nursing presented a high level of psychological discomfort. This pathology does not seem to be related to having suffered from COVID-19 or being in contact with infected people during the practicum and is more strongly related to personal sociodemographic variables and students' preparation for the world of work.

Preconception Care for Men and Women during the Pandemic, an Intervention Proposal.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its measures resulted in limited outdoor activities, reduced group meetings, etc., leading to unhealthy habits. Several studies showed how certain unhealthy habits can lead to serious consequences for both men and women, as well as affect future offspring. (1) Background: Therefore, we present a community intervention at the preconception stage to avoid future risks. The purpose of this intervention is to change lifestyles and beliefs about the health of men and women in the preconception period; (2) Methods: For the design of the intervention, a bibliographic search was performed both in English and Spanish in the main databases of health sciences and nursing (Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, Dialnet), using descriptors in MeSH health for sciences; (3) Results: We proposed that a variety of lifestyles be analyzed, including aspects such as physical activity, nutrition, etc. In addition, stress management should be emphasized through a relaxation workshop, where three different techniques be proposed to reduce anxiety levels in stressful situations; (4) Conclusions: Due to the limited scientific results of interventions carried out in the preconception period simultaneously with men and women, more community interventions that address this topic are needed to assess the impact of these actions on the health of the population.

Influence of Dynamic Balance on Jumping-Based Asymmetries in Team Sport: A between-Sports Comparison in Basketball and Handball Athletes.

The aims of the present study were to analyze mobility, dynamic balance and lower-limb strength and the prevalence of asymmetry according to the type of sport and assess the association between inter-limb asymmetry and sports performance. A total of 23 basketball and 25 handball players performed a test battery consisting of functional movements and a jump test. Inter-limb asymmetry was calculated using a standard percentage difference equation. A between-groups comparison analysis was carried out, and Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to establish a relationship between asymmetries and physical performance. The results found athletes in different sports to exhibit different performance in functional movements and the jump test, but no bilateral asymmetries. The reactive strength index (RSI) and stiffness asymmetries were significantly associated with the anterior reach Y-balance test (YBT) (r = -0.412; p < 0.01 and r = -0.359; p < 0.05, respectively), and the unilateral triple hop test (THTU) was negatively correlated to anterior reach, posterior lateral reach YBT and YBT composite YBT (r = -0.341 to -0.377; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the asymmetries exhibited important dispersion not dependent upon the type of sport but on each individual and the applied test. In addition, asymmetry in anterior direction YBT showed the strongest association to the rest of the sports performance variables.

Decisive Factors for a Greater Performance in the Change of Direction and Its Angulation in Male Basketball Players.

A study was made to initially evaluate whether the age category directly could influence anthropometric measurements, functional movement tests, linear sprint (30 m) and strength. Moreover, and as the main purpose, this study aimed to examine the relationship between the time execution and angles in different changes of direction (COD) test with the analyzed sport performance variables. A total sample of 23 basketball players (age: 17.5 ± 2.42 years; height: 184.6 ± 6.68 cm; body weight: 78.09 ± 11.9 kg). Between-groups' comparison explored the differences between basketball categories (Junior, n = 12; Senior, n = 11). The COD variables were divided by the time execution into low responders (LR) and high responders (HR) to establish comparisons between groups related to COD time execution. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to establish correlations between different CODs and sport performance variables. The results showed a greater influence of age category upon COD performance, especially when the cutting angle was sharper (7.05% [Confidence limits (CL) 90%: 2.33; 11.99]; Quantitative chances (QC) 0/2/98), in which athletes need greater application of strength. Moreover, the sharper the angle or the larger the number of cuts made, the greater the relationship with the vertical force-velocity profile (-42.39 [CL 90%: -57.37; -22.16]; QC 100/0/0%). Thus, the usefulness of the f-v profile to implement training programs that optimize the f-v imbalance and the improvement of the COD performance in basketball players is suggested.

Mediation Effect of Age Category on the Relationship between Body Composition and the Physical Fitness Profile in Youth Handball Players.

The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the differences in body composition and the physical and physiological profile of handball youths across age categories, and (2) to analyze the mediation effect of different categories on the relationship between lean mass or fat mass and specific physical handball capacities. Fifty-four young handball players aged 13 to 18 were assigned to U14 (13- and 14-year-olds), U16 (15- and 16-year-olds), and U18 (17- and 18-year-olds). Body composition was measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (Inbody®, 230). Handball physical fitness was assessed using handgrip force, jumping tests (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with aimed arms), a 30-m sprint, a change-of-direction test (T-half agility test and modified Illinois test), and a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Simple mediation analysis was performed to analyze whether the category mediated the relationship between lean mass or fat mass and physical capacities. No significant differences were observed according to category for the majority of the measured parameters, except for height, lean body mass, and arm span. Lean body mass increased significantly as player category increased (p < 0.05; ∆ = 4.66-9.38; effect size (ES) = 0.96-1.92). The increase in handball category enhanced the majority of the physical capacities evaluated; however, these differences were reduced between the U16 vs. U18 categories. The indirect mediation effect suggests that handball category mediated the relationship between lean mass and upper and lower strength, velocity, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. In contrast, an indirect effect suggests that category mediated the relationship between fat mass only in agility and cardiorespiratory fitness. We conclude that U18s showed better body composition parameters, as well as better physical performance scores. Handball category clearly mediated the relationship between body composition through lean mass and fat mass and the physiological profile in handball youth, but lean mass proved to be more relevant when mediating physical performance.

Functional Ability, Frailty and Risk of Falls in the Elderly: Relations with Autonomy in Daily Living.

The objective of this research was to determine the differences in autonomy in both basic activities of daily life in instrumental activities of daily life, as well as functional capacity, fragility and risk of falls between an active group and a sedentary group. The individual associations of functional capacity, fragility and risk of falls were also analyzed, with autonomy in basic activities of daily living and in instrumental activities of daily living in the active group. In this cross-sectional investigation, 139 people from Huelva between 65 and 87 years of age were evaluated (Mean (M) = 73.1; standard deviation (SD) = 5.86); 100 were women and 39 men. The active and sedentary group were composed of 69 and 70 elderly people, respectively. The active group carried out a physical activity program. Among the results, a significant effect was seen in the multivariate contrast of the study variables, V = 0.24, F (5, 137) = 8.58, and p < 0.001; while in the linear regressions in the active group, the Vivifrail with the Barthel Index (Δ Adj. R2 = 0.15) and with the Lawton and Brody Scale (Δ Adj. R2 = 0.22) were used. In conclusion, the active group presented better values in all the variables evaluated in comparison to the sedentary group, establishing statistically significant differences. In addition, in the active group, it has been found that functional capacity is a significant predictive variable of autonomy in instrumental activities of daily living (22%), while fragility and the risk of falls are significant predictors of autonomy in activities of basic daily life (15%).

Condición física relacionada con depresión y calidad de vida en personas mayores / Fitness related to depression and quality of life in older people / Condição física relacionada à depressão e qualidade de vida em idosos

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la relación de la condición física con la depresión y la calidad de vida en personas mayores sedentarias y no sedentarias de los centros sociales del Ayuntamiento de Huelva. En este sentido se han medido las variables: condición física (Senior Fitness Test), la depresión (Escala de Depresión Geriátrica) y calidad de vida (SF36). Valoramos a 63 personas mayores sedentarias de entre 60 y 87 años (M =71.2; DS = 5.81) y 66 no sedentarios de entre 60 y 87 años (M = 69.71; DS = 6.1). En función del género, en sedentarios el 22.2% fueron varones (n = 14) y un 77.8%, mujeres (n = 49) y en no sedentarios el 19.7% fueron hombres (n = 13) y el 80.3% mujeres (n=53). La condición física de las personas mayores sedentarias está unos puntos por encima de los no sedentarios, salvo los valores de fuerza. En cuanto a la depresión, las mujeres tienen un estado depresivo mayor que los hombres y con valores más altos en las sedentarias respecto a las no sedentarias. Finalmente, en cuanto a la relación entre nivel de condición física y la depresión, existe una relación positiva, sobre todo un nivel óptimo de fuerza favorece una menor depresión. Las conclusiones del estudio mostraron que la condición física de las personas mayores sedentarias está por encima de los no sedentarios, excepto los valores de fuerza. En términos de depresión, las mujeres tienen un estado depresivo más alto que los hombres y con valores más altos en sedentarios versus no sedentarios

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer a relação da condição física com a depressão e a qualidade de vida em idosos sedentários e não sedentários dos centros sociais da cidade de Huelva. Nesse sentido, as variáveis foram medidas: aptidão física (Senior Fitness Test), depressão (Geriatric Depression Scale) e qualidade de vida (SF36). Avaliamos 63 idosos sedentários entre 60 e 87 anos (M = 71,2; DP = 5,81) e 66 pessoas não sedentárias entre 60 e 87 anos (M = 69,71; DS = 6,1). Dependendo do sexo, 22,2% eram sedentários nos homens (n = 14) e 77,8%, mulheres (n = 49) e 19,7% nos homens não sedentários (n = 13) e 80,3% mulheres (n = 53). A condição física dos idosos sedentários está alguns pontos acima dos não sedentários, exceto pelos valores de força. Em relação à depressão, as mulheres apresentam um estado depressivo maior que os homens e com valores mais altos nas mulheres sedentárias do que nas não sedentárias. Finalmente, em relação à relação entre nível de condicionamento físico e depressão, existe uma relação positiva, especialmente um nível ótimo de força que favorece uma depressão menor. As conclusões do estudo mostraram que a condição física dos idosos sedentários está acima dos não sedentários, exceto os valores de força. Em termos de depressão, as mulheres têm um estado depressivo mais alto que os homens e com valores mais altos em sedentários versus não sedentários

This research aimed to concretize the relationship between physical fitness with depression and quality of life in the sedentary and non-sedentary older people of the social centres of the City of Huelva. We have measured the variables: Physical Fitness (Senior Fitness Test), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale) and quality of life (SF36). We evaluated 63 sedentary older people between 60 and 87 years old (M = 71.2; SD = 5.81) and 66 non-sedentary older people between 60 and 87 years old (M = 69.71; DS = 6.1). By gender, in sedentary older people 22.2% were men (n = 14) and 77.8% women (n = 49) and in non-sedentary 19.7 % were men (n = 13) and 80.3% women (n = 53). The physical fitness of the sedentary majors is some points above the non-sedentary ones, except the values of strength. In terms of depression, women have a higher depressive state than men and with higher values in sedentary versus non-sedentary. Finally, regarding the relationship between fitness level and depression, there is a positive relationship, especially an optimal level of strength favours a lower depression. The conclusions of the study emphasized that the physical fitness of the sedentary majors is above the non-sedentary ones, except the values of strength. In terms of depression, women have a higher depressive state than men and with higher values in sedentary versus non-sedentary

Psychometric Characteristics of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in the Context of Physical Activity in Nature.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale applied to different contexts for initial or original use, such as in the context of physical activity in nature. In order to do this, we carried out a study at some primary and secondary schools located in western Andalucía (Spain), with students aged 9-12 years old (M = 11.22; SD = 1.07). Therefore, a sample of 206 students in Study 1 (98 boys = 47.8%; 107 girls = 52.2%) and 455 students in Study 2 (228 boys = 50.1% 227 girls = 49.9%) was used. The students of the two groups that belong to the study created a program related to Physical Activity in Nature. Descriptive, exploratory, and confirmatory analyses were conducted. We also analyzed several other factors, such as internal consistency, composite reliability, average extracted variance, and convergent validity. Afterward, differences according to gender and school year were also studied. The data showed the need to eliminate many of the items from the original scale, giving, as a result, a model of six items that satisfactorily fit into the confirmatory analysis for the use of physical activity in nature. The ANOVA statistical test, used to analyze sex and school year, did not show any tangible differences between the target groups. Thanks to its application, we note that the PACES instrument cannot be applied as-is; some items must be removed or modified. Therefore, we must obtain a new, more specific instrument for these types of incipient practices undertaken in natural environments.